Factor 2 Higher Energy, Ruled by Law of Physics
Learn how CO2-based geothermal power is vastly different from traditional approaches, due to higher power output, lower capex, and siting simplicity.
CO2-based Geothermal Power
Our geothermal technology utilizes CO2 as a direct working fluid. By leveraging the thermodynamic properties of CO2, we increase cycle efficiency and enable the economic use of a broader range of geothermal sites.
1. CO₂ Injection
CO2 is injected into deep, porous geological formations, where it is safely stored.
2. Heat Absorption
As the CO2 flows through hot rock layers, it absorbs geothermal heat, reducing its density and increasing its buoyancy.
3. CO₂ Production
The heated CO2 rises naturally to the surface through production wells, driven by its lower density and resulting buoyancy. No subsurface pumps are required.
4. Power Generation
The strong thermosiphon effect creates a pressure difference between the injection and production wells. This pressure is harnessed to drive a CO2 turbine and generator, converting it into electricity.
5. Reinjection
After the energy conversion, the CO2 is cooled and condensed. The condensed CO2 is returned to the reservoir via the injection well, completing the closed-loop cycle.
“We harness the unique advantages of CO2 as a geothermal working fluid and build on existing industry expertise and components. This enables the fossil industry to transition toward a sustainable energy future.”
Innovation and Experience
With decades of experience in conventional power production, we are now driving the development and commercialization of CO2 based geothermal power.
Proof of Concept
World's first unique proof of concept for CO₂ -based geothermal power.
FOAK Power Plant
Our FOAK power plant is currently in development.
Validated Cycle Model
Our validated cycle model ensures efficiency and reliability in geothermal energy production.
Best in Class Design
Our IP-protected cycle design enables us to access more geothermal sites.
Transforming passive CO2 deposits into sustainable energy ressources
Our geothermal technology transforms sites that either naturally contain CO2 or are designated for carbon capture and storage into active and sustainable energy sources.
Independent of energy imports
Value stream for storing CO2 independent of governmental subsidies
Transforming CO2 storage into Clean Energy Solutions
Our technology utilizies captured CO2 and converts it into renewable energy.
Promoting Biodiversity & Environmental Harmony
We prioritize nature conservation, ensuring our geothermal projects enhance local ecosystems.
Creating Jobs and Economic Opportunities
Our technology utilizes existing know how from conventional power generation and the O&G industry.
Our road to scalable, emission-free power
From research to real-world impact.
2021
TRL 3 achieved
Techno-economic modeling confirms the advantages of CO2-based geothermal power over conventional geothermal systems.
2022
TRL 5 achieved
Successful field test demonstrates strong thermosiphon effect and validates CO2 circulation in real-field conditions.
2023
Proof of concept validated
Second test run confirms previous results and strengthens confidence in system performance.
2025
Company spin-out & FOAK project launch
Factor2 Energy spins out of Siemens Energy and starts development of first CO2-based geothermal power plant.
Future
Developing and operating CO2-based geothermal plants to deliver emission-free, 24/7 power worldwide.
FAQs
Discover answers to your questions about geothermal energy and its community and environmental impact.
Because CO₂ boosts heat extraction by a factor of 2. By using CO2 instead of water, we can double the amount of extractable heat.
A fourfold increase in mass flow – despite a lower heat capacity – results in twice the energy output. That’s the Factor 2. And that’s why we’re called Factor2 Energy.
No. Our system is designed to have zero CO2 leakages to the atmosphere.
No. The technology utilizes geological formations that are naturally permeable. That means the rock structure consists of rocks with small pores which are interconnected, similar to a sponge made out of rocks.
Storing CO2 deep underground is widely regarded as a safe and reliable solution when done correctly. To store CO2 safely underground, the right kind of rocks are needed. The best storage rocks are like sponges: they have tiny holes that let the CO2 in and hold it. Above them, there must be solid, tight rocks that stop the CO2 from escaping.
see also:
IPCC. (2005). Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage
(Chapter 2: Storage in geological formations). Cambridge University Press.
Should CO2 gas escape the storage site or the plant despite all safety measures, it is relatively harmless compared to gases like methane. It is neither flammable nor toxic and typically disperses quickly in open air.
However, as a climate-relevant greenhouse gas that can affect health in high concentrations, even small leaks must be taken seriously. In such a case, operators would immediately activate emergency protocols: Injection would be stopped, the system depressurized if needed, and the leak sealed off. The site would be monitored using mobile sensors and drones to locate and measure the leak.
No, a CO2 storage site can not explode or catch fire. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a non-flammable, inert gas that does not support combustion.
The drilling depth depends on the depth of the target reservoir. Normal ranges of drilling depth are between 1.5 to 5 km, which corresponds to the state-of-the-art drilling technologies.